Symptoms used to diagnose
The rulePersistent differences in social communication (all 3) and at least 2 of 4 restricted or repetitive patterns, present from early development. Support level 1–3 is noted.
Core symptoms
- Differences in social-emotional back-and-forth
- Differences in non-verbal communication
- Differences in developing and understanding relationships
Other symptoms
- Repetitive movements, speech or use of objects
- Strong need for sameness and routine
- Intense, focused interests
- Sensory sensitivities (over- or under-responsive)
How diagnosis works
- Persistent differences in social communication and interaction (back-and-forth conversation, non-verbal communication, relationships).
- Restricted or repetitive behaviours, interests or activities — including sensory sensitivities.
- Present from early development (may not be noticed until demands exceed capacity, or masking hides it).
- Recorded with support level (1–3) and whether there is intellectual or language impairment.
A diagnosis is made by a qualified clinician after a full assessment — this summary is to help you understand it, not to self-diagnose.
Commonly used medications
Therapies & support
- Post-diagnostic support
- Environmental and sensory adjustments
- Speech and language therapy
- Adapted CBT for co-occurring anxiety
Good to know
- There is no medication for autism itself; medicines treat co-occurring difficulties like severe irritability, anxiety or sleep problems.
- Many autistic people prefer identity-first language and a neurodiversity-affirming approach.
Sources
- 01Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR)
American Psychiatric Association, 2022
- 02ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics — Chapter 6: Mental, behavioural or neurodevelopmental disorders
World Health Organization, 2022
- 03The Maudsley Deprescribing Guidelines
Horowitz & Taylor, Wiley-Blackwell, 2024